Solar panels operate by harnessing the power of the sun through photovoltaic (PV) cells, which are key components in converting sunlight into electricity. These PV cells are composed of layers of semiconductor materials, commonly silicon, which have been chemically treated to establish an electric field. This electric field is crucial for the movement of electrons within the semiconductor.
When sunlight strikes a solar panel, the energy from the sunlight is absorbed by the semiconductor material. This absorption excites the electrons, causing them to move freely. The movement of these electrons generates an electric current. This current is then directed through conductive wires, which channel the electricity for immediate use or store it in batteries for later use.
Solar panels provide a sustainable and renewable source of energy, making them an excellent choice for reducing energy costs and minimizing environmental impact for homes, businesses, and other buildings.